Directorate of Sustainable Pollution Management and Control for Social Transformation

 1) Department of Water Pollution Management & Control for Environmental Sustainability

This department focuses basically on what water pollution is and equally to address the source, effect control and water pollution management as a whole. 

 2) Department of Soil Pollution Management & Control for Environmental Sustainability

This department works to make clear what soil pollution is, sources of soil pollution, effects of soil pollution, and management and control measures of soil pollution. Soil pollution is contamination of soil by human and natural activities which causes harmful effect on living organisms.

 3) Department of Air Pollution Management & Control for Environmental Sustainability

This department is keen in using a set of specific techniques and measures identified and implemented to achieve reductions in air pollution to attain an air quality standard or goal.

 4) Department of Noise Management and Control for Environmental Sustainability

This department works to ensure clear understanding of the meaning of noise pollution, Causes of noise pollution, types of noise pollution, effects of noise pollution, and management and control of noise pollution. Noise pollution is the unwanted, unpleasant or disagreeable sound that causes discomfort to all living beings. Noise can be classified as: Industrial noise, Transport noise, and Neighborhood noise. Noise pollution affects both human and animal health.   Noise control can be done at the source and at the receptor.

 5) Department of Visual Pollution Management and Control for Environmental Sustainability

This department concerns itself with the impacts of pollution that impair one’s ability to enjoy a vista or view. Visual pollution disturbs the visual areas of people by creating negative changes in the natural environment. Billboards, open storage of trash, space debris, telephone towers, electric wires, buildings and automobiles are forms of visual pollution. An overcrowding of an area causes visual pollution. Visual pollution is defined as the whole of irregular formations, which are mostly found in natural and built environments. Effects of exposure to visual pollution include: distraction, eye fatigue, decreases in opinion diversity, and loss of identity. The sources of Visual pollution can be like: Local managers of urban areas sometimes lack control over what is built and assembled in public places. As businesses look for ways to increase profits, cleanliness, architecture, logic and use of space in urban areas are suffering from visual clutter.

 6) Department of Thermal Pollution Management and Control for Environmental Sustainability

This department deals with the meaning, causes, effects and control measures of thermal pollution. Thermal pollution is the addition of excess of undesirable heat to water thereby making it harmful to man, animal or aquatic life. Thermal pollution may also cause significant departures from normal activities of aquatic communities. Sources of Thermal Pollution are like: Nuclear power plants, Coal fired plants, Industrial effluents, Domestic sewage, and Hydro-electric power.

 7) Department of Radioactive Pollution Management and Control for Envoy Sustainability

This department deals with the meaning, types, sources, effects, and control of Radiation Pollution. Radiation is the process by which radiant energy is transferred from one place to another in the form of electro-magnetic waves. The radiation pollution is mainly caused by non-ionizing radiation. Sources of Radiation Pollution are mainly natural but partly manmade. The natural sources of radiation may be: Radioactive minerals; Cosmic rays; Radio nuclides. The various sources of manmade radiation pollutions may be: Nuclear power plants; Radio-active wastes; nuclear explosions; and Radio-isotopes. Effect of Radiation Pollution – When radiation passes through different living organisms the following dis-orderness takes place: Radiation splits the molecules of the tissues into ions and free radicals and causes mutation by breaking DMA (Deoxy ribo­nucleic acid) molecules in the nucleus; Radiation in bone marrow may cause leukemia; Radiation may cause skin burns which may lead to skin cancer; Radiation at pelvic regions of pregnant ladies, cause dam­age to the fetus. Radiation pollution can be controlled in the following ways: Care should be taken to check manmade radiation pollu­tion at source; Nuclear reactor should be perfectly maintained to avoid accidental leakage; nuclear tests should be avoided

 8) Department of Electro Pollution Management and Control for Environmental Sustainability

This department deals with electro pollution management and control. The electro pollution is caused by non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, propagated through the atmosphere by broadcast towers, radar installations, and microwave appliances, and the magnetic fields surrounding electrical appliances and power lines. Electro pollution is believed to cause various health hazards like cancer, genetic disorders, etc the relation between electro pollution and electromagnetic hypersensitivity is debatable. While many reports claim increase in electromagnetic hypersensitivity along with increase in electro pollution, it is also found that many people develop hypersensitivity to electromagnetic radiations at intensities well below the limits permitted by international radiation safety standards. 

 9) Department of Space Pollution Management and Control for Environmental Sustainability

This department focuses on pollution in space and the how it can be managed and controlled. In the most general sense, the term space pollution includes both the natural micrometeoroid and man-made orbital debris components of the space environment; however, as pollution is generally considered to indicate a despoiling of the natural environment, space pollution here refers to only man-made orbital debris. Orbital debris poses a threat to both manned and unmanned spacecraft as well as the earth’s inhabitants. The effects of debris on other spacecraft range from p0surface abrasion due to repeated small-particle impact to a catastrophic fragmentation due to a collision with a large object. Debris is typically divided into three size ranges, based on the damage it may cause: less than 1 centimeter (cm), 1 to 10 cm, and larger than 10 cm. Objects less than 1 cm may be shielded against, but they still have the potential to damage most satellites. Debris in the 1 to 10 cm range is not shielded against, cannot easily be observed, and could destroy a satellite. Finally, collisions with objects larger than 10 cm can break up a satellite. Of these size ranges, only objects 10 cm and larger are regularly tracked and cataloged by surveillance networks. Remediation takes two courses: protection and mitigation. Protection seeks to shield spacecraft and utilize intelligent design practices to minimize the effects of debris impact. Mitigation attempts to prevent debris from being created. Active mitigation techniques include collision avoidance between tracked and maneuverable objects and the intentional reentry of objects over the oceans. Passive techniques include venting residual fuels or pressurized vessels aboard rockets and spacecraft, retaining operational debris, and placing spacecraft into disposal orbits at the end of a mission. Space salvage or retrieval, while an option, is currently too expensive to employ on a regular basis. Remediation strategies have resulted in a decline oin the rate of debris growth in the 1990s although the overall population continues to grow. Continued work is necessary, however, to reduce the orbital debris hazard for future generations and continue the safe, economical utilization of space.